Tolerance control method for industrial sheet metal parts: evaluation of the impact of dimensional accuracy on assembly performance

In the field of industrial manufacturing, industrial sheet metal is widely used due to its lightweight and easy to form characteristics. However, dimensional accuracy deviations can lead to assembly difficulties, affecting product functionality and reliability. Therefore, ensuring dimensional accuracy through effective tolerance control is the key to improving the assembly performance of sheet metal parts. ​

During the processing of sheet metal parts, laser cutting, bending, stamping and other processes may introduce dimensional errors. For example, thermal deformation during laser cutting can cause changes in the width of the cut, and springback during bending can easily lead to angular deviation. Traditional tolerance control relies heavily on empirical setting of tolerance ranges, which makes it difficult to meet high-precision assembly requirements. Modern technology achieves precise control through simulation and digital detection: using finite element analysis to predict machining deformation trends and optimize process parameters; Real time monitoring of dimensional data using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and visual inspection system to promptly correct deviations. ​

The impact of dimensional accuracy on assembly performance is reflected at multiple levels. If the hole position deviation of sheet metal parts is too large, stress concentration will occur during bolt connection, which will reduce the structural strength; Exceeding the tolerance of external dimensions may result in components not being assembled smoothly, or uneven gaps after assembly, affecting sealing and aesthetics. In industries such as automobile manufacturing and aerospace that require high assembly accuracy, the accumulation of dimensional errors in individual sheet metal parts may even lead to the failure of the entire system function. Research has shown that controlling the tolerance of key dimensions within ± 0.1mm can increase the assembly qualification rate by more than 30%. ​